Wireless Connectivity Test at James Reserves using Tenet
Project Overview
Test the wireless connectivity (802.11b and 802.15.4) at James Reserve to get an idea about the environment for possible future deployment.
LogisticsScheduleAug. 15th 2007 Deployment scale
At one array of pitfall traps in star configuration |
 |
Connectivity Test Results
In-lab test with 3 micaz nodes (Aug. 13 -- jpaek)
* 1 micaz can send 50pkts/sec reliably at 1-hop.
* 2 micaz nodes can send around 35~40pkts/sec (per node) reliably at 1-hop.
* 3 micaz nodes can send around 28~30pkts/sec (per node) reliably at 1-hop.
* With 3 cyclops nodes, transferring images(128x128 B/W) every 30sec is feasible.
Connectivity test at JR (Aug. 15 -- jpaek, john, marcos)
0. General Experiment Setup
- All testing was done on the pitfall trap array closest to the lodge.
- All testing was done with Tenet applications:
-- 'deliverytest', 'pingtree', 'imaging'.
- 7 Micaz Tenet motes
-- 3 with cyclops, 4 without.
-- motes were directly on the ground
-- default antennas (unless stated otherwise)
- 1~2 Stargate(s)
-- with Micaz BaseStation (default antennas, unless stated otherwise)
-- Orinoco 802.11b card, with ~5inch 802.11b antenna
-- static IP routing between stargates (when two were used)
- Topology
4
|
|
2
| BS
|
7---6---1---3---9
-- Single base-station was placed near node 1, between 2 and 6.
# NOTE:
-- As you can see from the picture, node 4 was behind some trees
with foliage, blocking line of sight from the base station.
-- the ground level of node 2 and 4 were higher than any other nodes.
# NOTE: The results presented below are NOT necessarily in the order
of the experiments conducted.
1. TEST-1: All motes with default antennas
- 7 Tenet micaz, 1 stargate/basestation
- all motes with default antenna.
= RESULT:
== Failed to connect to all nodes.
== Node 4 was unable to connect to the base station.
== Connectivity to node 9 and 7 was also flaky.
+ There were two ways to overcome this: either...
++ use taller antennas, or
++ put additional stargate/basestation.
2. TEST-2: BaseStation mote with taller antenna.
- 7 Tenet micaz, 1 stargate/basestation
- all Tenet motes with default antenna.
- ## BaseStation mote with taller antenna.
= RESULT with Best-effort transport:
# mote 1: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 9.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 2: 99.5% recv'ed (goodput 10.5 pkts/sec)
# mote 3: 99.5% recv'ed (goodput 10.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 4: 66.5% recv'ed (goodput 5.1 pkts/sec)
# mote 6: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 7: 99.5% recv'ed (goodput 10.7 pkts/sec)
# mote 9: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 11.0 pkts/sec)
= RESULT with Reliable stream transport:
# mote 1: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 2: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.2 pkts/sec)
# mote 3: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 4: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 6.6 pkts/sec)
# mote 6: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 7: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.6 pkts/sec)
# mote 9: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 11.0 pkts/sec)
= RESULT:
== All motes are connected, but node 4 has insufficient reliability.
== node 4 can provide ~6pkts/sec, while others 10pkts/sec
3. TEST-3: BaseStation & 2 motes with taller antennas.
- 7 Tenet micaz, 1 stargate/basestation
- 5 Tenet motes with default antenna.
- ## 2 Tenet motes (node 4, 9) with taller antennas.
- ## BaseStation mote with taller antenna.
= RESULT with Best-effort transport:
# mote 1: 99.6% recv'ed (goodput 10.5 pkts/sec)
# mote 2: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 11.0 pkts/sec)
# mote 3: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 4: 99.6% recv'ed (goodput 10.5 pkts/sec)
# mote 6: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 7: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 9: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.9 pkts/sec)
= RESULT with Reliable stream transport:
# mote 1: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 8.5 pkts/sec)
# mote 2: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 9.7 pkts/sec)
# mote 3: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 9.6 pkts/sec)
# mote 4: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 8.9 pkts/sec)
# mote 6: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 10.0 pkts/sec)
# mote 7: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 9.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 9: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 9.9 pkts/sec)
= RESULT:
== All motes are well connected, allowing ~9~10 pkts/sec
4. TEST-4: TWO stargates/basestation.
- 7 Tenet micaz, 2 stargate/basestation
- 2 stargates (2 BaseStation motes with DEFAULT antenna)
- 4 Tenet motes with default antenna.
- ## 3 Tenet motes (node 2, 4, 9) with taller antennas.
- Topology:
4
|
BS2 |
2
| BS1
|
7---6---1---3---9
= 'pingtree' tenet-application result:
[203]
\--- 2
\--- 4
[202]
\--- 1
\--- 6
\--- 7
\--- 3
\--- 9
= RESULT with Reliable stream transport:
# mote 2: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 13.1 pkts/sec)
# mote 4: 99.0% recv'ed (goodput 11.6 pkts/sec)
# mote 1: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 12.6 pkts/sec)
# mote 6: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 12.8 pkts/sec)
# mote 7: 99.5% recv'ed (goodput 12.3 pkts/sec)
# mote 3: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 12.7 pkts/sec)
# mote 9: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 12.5 pkts/sec)
= RESULT:
== All motes are well connected, allowing ~10~12 pkts/sec
5. TEST-5: MicaZ radio connectivity from the array directly to the lodge.
- 1 stargate back at the lodge
- 2 motes at the array, directly connected to the stargate at the lodge
= RESULT with Best-effort transport
== Round1:
## mote 1: 77.0% recv'ed (goodput 7.1 pkts/sec)
## mote 3: 44.0% recv'ed (goodput 8.7 pkts/sec)
== Round2:
## mote 1: 91.0% recv'ed (goodput 8.2 pkts/sec)
## mote 3: 87.5% recv'ed (goodput 9.7 pkts/sec)
== Round3:
## mote 1: 71.5% recv'ed (goodput 4.7 pkts/sec)
## mote 3: 93.5% recv'ed (goodput 4.9 pkts/sec)
= RESULT with Reliable stream transport
## mote 1: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 6.6 pkts/sec)
## mote 3: 100.0% recv'ed (goodput 6.0 pkts/sec)
= RESULT:
== With taller antennas, motes at the array can reach the stargate
(basestation) placed at the lodge. However, the connectivity and
hence the goodput degrades noticeably.
== Considering the fact that we would want to do larger scale deployment
in the future spanning several pitfall trap arrays (which are farther
away in distance), we definitely want to place at least one stargate
per array. Then we can relay all the data back to the lodge using
802.11 network.
6. TEST-6: 802.11b connectivity from the array to the lodge.
- 2 stargates, one at the array, the other at the lodge
- ORINOCO 802.11b cards, with small external antennas
- Test done with 'ping -i 0.1 -s 128'
= RESULT: GOOD :-)
== ORINOCO 802.11b connectivity with external ~5inch antenna was good.
== Connectivity without external antenna required one relay node.
7. Overall Comments:
- We should plan for placing at least one stargate/basestation at the array.
This requires consideration for packaging, power, external antenna, and
water-proofness for the stargates. We will place one stargate at the lodge
for data collection, network management, and the application.
- If we use "pitfall trap lid antennas" on the MicaZ motes, and place a
stargate at the array, we believe that the radio connectivity will be ok.
- Placing two stargates at the array did not provide much increase in
achievable goodput. (9~10 --> 10~12pkts/sec)
In-lab tests with 7 nodes (micaz&cyclops) (Sep 3 ~ 5 -- jpaek)
Notes after conducting several overnight (7~10 hours) tests We can run 2 applications concurrently (every 30min + every 2min w object detection) In general, things are working fairly well. But the motes occasionally crashes. Need to identify the bug. 9pkts/sec was too much on the edge and not safe. we should go for 7~8pkts/sec. We can consider using 2 stargates at the array
Object detection test in dark, with the bucket (Sep. 6 -- jpaek, john, shaun)
The LED flash light on the cyclops are pretty good. It can brighten up the bucket well enough for the object detection algorithm to work.
Photos
More photos available
[HERE]
People
- Jeongyeup Paek
- John Hicks
- Marcos Vieira
- Shaun Ahmadian
Related Links
- Pitfall Trap Monitoring at James Reserve
- Bird Nestbox Monitoring at James Reserve
- CENS Wiki: Pitfall Trap 2007
- CENS Wiki: Bird Nest Box 2008
Last Modified: 20 Jan 2009